Asphalt, as a composite material consisting of bitumen, sand, sand, etc., can play a very prominent role in the road and road construction industry, city beautification, building construction, etc., and today, all kinds of natural bitumen and mineral bitumen are used for its production. The way of applying asphalt is very important in its durability, beauty, smoothness, integrity and resistance to different conditions, and it will be done in two ways, manual and mechanized. The implementation of asphalt in a manual and traditional way, as well as mechanized and modern, each of them can have their own advantages, disadvantages and characteristics. In the following article, the complete review of asphalt implementation with paver and mechanized tools and its advantages will be discussed.
Asphalt paver and its working principles
Finisher is actually one of the types of road construction devices that receives asphalt, concrete and other such materials from asphalt and concrete trucks, spreads them with a defined thickness, length and width on a specific surface, and finally the materials spread by The rollers are hardened, hammered and smoothed.
This device was first developed by Barbergrin company and was registered in 1936, and today it is considered one of the most important road construction equipment. The design of the paver is such that it has a large tank for storing asphalt and a wide plate called head for spreading and spreading asphalt. Finishers can have different designs and capabilities, but in general, the principles of their work are summarized in 5 steps.
- Receiving the asphalt mixture and storing it in the tank
- Material transfer to the end of the machine by hydraulic pump
- Heating the ingot with the furnace in the paver to prevent the asphalt from cooling
- Spreading asphalt on the desired surface
- Primary and limited asphalt compaction with a small roller that is part of the finisher.
Types of finishers
Finishers, like other types of industrial equipment, can be classified based on various factors such as power, capacity, speed, dimensions, etc., and they can have different types, but in general, these devices are divided into two types: rubber wheels and chain wheels. Of course, concrete finishers and polymer materials include all types of cylindrical and polyconcrete finishers.
In rubber finishers, there are two pneumatic rubber wheels at the back of the machine that provide the driving force and are located right in front of the iron. There are also two pairs of small wheels that control the steering of the car and will be hydraulically driven and are located under the tank. The front tires are rigid and unyielding, and the sprockets are wide over the entire length of the traction section, and the weight is distributed over a very wide surface.
Crawler pavers are used for major jobs, usually outside cities and in construction projects. These pavers have more maneuverability compared to the rubber paver and are more suitable for the environments that are paved for the first time.
The main components of the finisher
Asphalt paver machine generally consists of two main parts: traction and iron bar, and each of these parts can have different components.
- The traction part that provides the driving force for different parts includes components such as tank, rotating rollers, conveyor and auger, each of which has unique tasks.
- The iron part is also pulled by a tractor and moves on the spread asphalt. This section is composed of various components such as ironing plate, vibrator, heater, thickness control part and final limit control (upper limit).
The difference between mechanized and manual asphalt work
As mentioned, asphalt can be done in two ways, traditional and manual and modern and mechanized, and each of these methods has unique advantages and disadvantages. The implementation of asphalt with a paver has several advantages compared to the manual implementation of asphalt, the most important of which are as follows:
- In the method of mechanized asphalt implementation, various equipment and machines are used, such as finishers, while in the manual asphalt implementation method, most of the tasks will be carried out by human forces.
- The implementation of asphalt with a paver and using modern equipment will be done in a shorter period of time and can save the time of projects.
- In this method, a larger area and volume of surfaces can be asphalted, and the asphalt created has a smoother and smoother surface.
- The speed of running asphalt in this method is much higher than the traditional and manual method
- Mechanized asphalt work leads to the creation of a smoother and more uniform road due to the continuous operation of the machine, and due to the absence of unevenness on the road surface, the asphalt is more durable.
- Asphalt created by the mechanized method can be more resistant to moisture, weather changes, pressure and various stresses, etc.
The most important points of using paver and mechanized equipment
Although the implementation of asphalt using a finisher and mechanized equipment can have many advantages over the traditional and manual method, but the use of this equipment requires knowledge, expertise and skill, and in order to use it, one should pay attention to various points and cases, the most important of which are as follows:
- During the execution of asphalt with a paver and when a specific and limited surface is desired or when connecting asphalt pieces, it is necessary to mark the route by the supervisor or executive forces in order to prevent the creation of uneven and uncoordinated routes.
- Adjustments of mechanized machines to change the thickness of asphalt should be done in advance because changing the thickness in spirals is faster and easier than iron.
- The implementation of asphalt must be done in suitable weather conditions, because rainy weather, wet surfaces, etc. cause a decrease in the final quality of asphalt. The minimum air temperature for asphalt spreading should be 10 degrees Celsius and the air temperature at the time of spreading the surface should be 25 degrees Celsius.
- For the implementation of asphalt with large thicknesses, it is better to apply several layers of asphalt with smaller thicknesses on top of each other in order to have high quality and compactness, and bitumen must be used in the intervals between the pounded layers.
- The parts of the devices that are in contact with the asphalt must be cleaned and washed well after finishing the work so that they do not get damaged.
Disadvantages of asphalt implementation with paver and mechanized tools
Although the use of modern and mechanized equipment can have many advantages such as high accuracy, high speed, quality asphalt production, covering more surfaces, the possibility of using different types of asphalt bitumen, etc., but they will also have disadvantages and defects, the most important of which include items such as lack of The possibility of using it in small environments, the impossibility of moving chain wheel finishers on the asphalt surface due to damaging it, the need for knowledge and expertise, etc.
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