Bitumen, a dark and adhesive substance that is solid at room temperature and transforms into a paste-like consistency when heated, has a history dating back to approximately 4 years before Christ. It was first discovered during this time and subsequently utilized by civilizations such as the Sumerians and Romans in various applications. Over time, advancements in scientific knowledge and technological capabilities have led to the development of different methods and solutions for industrial bitumen production.
As one of the valuable derivatives of oil, refinery bitumen holds a significant position in the global economy and various industries. To process this substance and other oil derivatives, numerous refineries have been established in regions abundant in oil reserves. In the following article, we will explore the concept of a bitumen refinery and delve into the production processes involved in creating different types of bitumen.
Refinery Bitumen Production
A refinery is a complex of industrial facilities where crude oil is processed to obtain various products such as kerosene, diesel, bitumen, gasoline, and more. Specifically, a bitumen refinery comprises multiple interconnected units linked by large pipes. These units undergo numerous physical and chemical operations to convert crude oil into consumable bitumen.
In a refinery, raw materials are transformed into usable and consumable substances, and each refinery determines its production plans based on factors such as equipment capabilities, operating costs, and market demand for specific products.
The production of refinery bitumen, also known as industrial bitumen, involves extracting light petroleum components like propane and gasoline from crude oil. This extraction process occurs at or near atmospheric pressure. Subsequently, heavier oil compounds such as kerosene and diesel are separated from the raw material. Refineries employ vacuum pressure to separate the heavier components from crude oil, ultimately refining the lighter materials.
After the separation of heavy and light components, a residue known as asphaltene, consisting of very fine solid particles, remains. This asphaltene is then mixed with a fluid material, such as a binder, to produce the final industrial bitumen.
Industrial bitumen, along with natural bitumen like Gilsonite, finds application in various industries, particularly in road construction. Combining Gilsonite and refinery bitumen can enhance asphalt performance, enabling its utilization in a wider range of applications.
Types of Bitumen
Bitumen is a black and viscous material composed of various hydrocarbons that readily dissolve in carbon sulfide and carbon tetrachloride. It is solid at room temperature and transforms into a paste-like consistency as the temperature rises. Bitumen is valued for its unique properties, including its water impermeability and high adhesion. Both industrial and refinery bitumen can be classified into different types, some of which are outlined below:
- Petroleum Bitumen (Refinery Bitumen): Petroleum bitumen, also known as distillate bitumen, is typically obtained through the distillation of crude oil. The distillation process is carried out in two stages. In the first stage, lighter components such as gasoline and propane are separated from the oil. In the second stage, heavier compounds like diesel and kerosene are removed. This refined bitumen is commonly referred to as petroleum or refinery bitumen.
- Natural Bitumen: Natural bitumen, also called lake bitumen, is formed over long periods through the gradual conversion of crude oil and the evaporation of volatile substances. It occurs naturally and is obtained from sources such as tar sands or oil seeps. Natural bitumen has distinct characteristics and may differ in composition and properties from refinery bitumen.
It's important to note that there are other types of bitumen as well, including modified bitumen that has been enhanced with additives or modifiers to improve certain properties or meet specific application requirements. The selection of bitumen type depends on factors such as the intended use, climate conditions, and project specifications.
Blown Bitumen
Blown bitumen is a type of bitumen obtained through a process called blowing, which occurs in the final stage of the purification process. In this method, pure bitumen is exposed to hot air, typically at temperatures ranging from 200 to 300 degrees Celsius. The hot air is blown into a chamber containing the bitumen through perforated pipes. During this process, the hydrogen atoms in the hydrocarbon molecules of the bitumen react with the oxygen in the air, resulting in the formation of water.
Blown bitumen exhibits certain characteristics distinct from pure bitumen. It has a lower penetration value, indicating reduced softness, and is less susceptible to changes in temperature. This type of bitumen finds applications in various industries, as well as non-industrial uses. Common applications include manufacturing roofing sheets, car batteries, and more.
Soluble Bitumen
Soluble bitumen is a combination of bitumen and a solvent such as kerosene or gasoline. Unlike other types of bitumen, soluble bitumen remains in a liquid state at ambient temperatures. It is extensively used in coating asphalts. The setting and hardening speed of soluble bitumen can be influenced by the type of solvent used. For instance, bitumen dissolved in gasoline tends to harden quickly and is referred to as quick-setting bitumen. Similarly, fast-acting bitumen is known as RC bitumen, while slow-acting bitumen is called MC bitumen. Bitumen that dissolves in gas oil or fuel oil is known as slow-acting oil or SC bitumen.
Soluble bitumens are classified based on their density and viscosity, each having multiple applications across different industries.
Bitumen Prices
The prices of Gilsonite and all types of industrial bitumen can be influenced by a range of factors and parameters. These include the quality of the bitumen, its physical and chemical characteristics, the refining and production methods employed, adhesiveness, permeability, specific type of bitumen and its technical specifications, intended applications of the bitumen, the manufacturing company, exchange rates and their fluctuations, supply and demand levels, and the global market conditions. Due to these variables, it is not possible to establish a fixed and specific rate for bitumen prices.
In Conclusion
A bitumen refinery consists of a collection of industrial facilities and various units dedicated to processing crude oil and producing a diverse array of products, including kerosene, diesel, gasoline, bitumen, and more. Bitumen, as a practical and valuable hydrocarbon material, exists in different types such as natural bitumen, refinery bitumen, soluble bitumen, and blown bitumen. Each type possesses unique characteristics and finds numerous applications across various industries.
ATDM CO is a reputable manufacturer and exporter of Bitumen 60/70 and Bitumen 80/100. We specialize in offering high-quality bitumen products in various packaging options, including drums, bags, and bulk quantities. Our product line consists of three distinct quality grades: premium, second, and third types. Each grade is produced with meticulous attention to detail, utilizing advanced facilities and processes.
Our diverse range of options is designed to cater to the specific needs and volume requirements of our customers. Whether you require a smaller quantity for a specific project or a larger bulk order, we have the flexibility to accommodate your demands.
At ATDM CO, we prioritize product quality, reliability, and customer satisfaction. Our bitumen 60/70 is manufactured to meet international standards, ensuring optimal performance and durability in various applications. Currently, we have supplies in three countries of the United Arab Emirates (Dubai), Panama and Singapore are available. We take pride in delivering exceptional products that meet the diverse needs of our valued customers, both domestically and internationally.